春妮的周末时光

Auto workers escalate strike, walking out at largest Ford factory_我的网站

A |     　　2026年盛夏，在米兰Esxence香水艺术展上一众浓烈的欧式香调中，清润的茶韵、温婉的桂香、醇厚的沉香悄然弥散，数家中国香水品牌携旗下产品惊艳亮相，吸引全球参展者驻足体验。    DETROIT -- The United Auto Workers union significantly escalated its walkout against Detroit's Three automakers, shutting down Ford's largest factory and threatening Jeep maker Stellantis.In a surprise move Wednesday night, 8,700 members left their jobs at Ford’s Kentucky truck plant in Louisville.And Thursday morning, union President Shawn Fain hinted at further action against Stellantis. “Here's to hoping talks at Stellantis today are more productive than Ford yesterday,” Fain wrote on X, formerly Twitter, without saying what might happen.Ford's truck plant makes heavy-duty F-Series pickup trucks and large Ford and Lincoln SUVs, hitting the company's most lucrative products. The vehicles made at the plant generate $25 billion per year in revenue, the company said in a statement.Fain said in a statement that the union has waited long enough “but Ford hasn’t gotten the message” to bargain for a fair contract. “If they can’t understand that after four weeks, the 8,700 workers shutting down this extremely profitable plant will help them understand it,” Fain said.The strike came nearly four weeks after the union began its walkouts against General Motors, Ford and Stellantis on Sept. 15, with one assembly plant from each company. The company, however, called the strike expansion “grossly irresponsible” and said it has made strong wage and benefit offers to the union. It said the move puts about a dozen other Ford facilities at risk, as well as parts supply plants that together employ over 100,000 people.A Ford executive said the union called a meeting at the company's Dearborn, Michigan, headquarters Wednesday afternoon where Fain asked if the company had another offer. High-ranking Ford executives responded that they are working on possibly bringing electric vehicle battery plants into the UAW national contract, essentially making them unionized. But they didn't have a significantly different economic offer, the executive said. Fain was told the company put a strong offer on the table, but there wasn't a lot of room to increase it and keep it affordable for the business, the executive said.Fain responded by saying, if that's the company's best offer, “You just lost Kentucky Truck Plant,” said the executive. The meeting only lasted about 15 minutes, he said. In a video, Fain said the union moved because Ford didn't change its offer. “We've been very patient working with the company on this,” he said. “They have not met expectations, they're not even coming to the table on it.”The escalation against Ford shows that Fain is trying to increase pressure on the company, said Marick Masters, a business professor at Wayne State University who follows labor issues.But Ford and the other automakers have made concessions and raised wage offers, he said. The companies, he said, “may have reached their resistance points to varying degrees.” Executives, he said, have bottom line positions they can’t cross in terms of staying competitive with other automakers.Fain, Masters said, likely is testing how far he needs to push Ford before going to “full throttle,” by taking all 57,000 Ford members out on strike.The union’s move doesn’t leave him optimistic for a quick end to the strikes, Masters said. “I think the issues that remain on the table are quite thorny,” he said, pointing to union demands that all workers get defined benefit pensions and health insurance when they retire.The UAW expanded its strikes on Sept. 22, adding 38 GM and Stellantis parts warehouses. Assembly plants from Ford and GM were added the week after that. The Kentucky strike brings to 33,700 the number of workers on strike against the three automakers.Thus far, the union has decided to target a small number of plants from each company rather than have all 146,000 UAW members at the automakers go on strike at the same time.Last week, the union reported progress in the talks and decided not to add any more plants. This came after GM agreed to bring joint-venture electric vehicle battery factories into the national master contract, almost assuring that the plants will be unionized.Battery plants are a major point of contention in the negotiations. The UAW wants those plants to be unionized to assure jobs and top wages for workers who will be displaced by the industry’s ongoing transition to electric vehicles.Since the start of the strike, the three Detroit automakers have laid off roughly 4,800 workers at factories that are not among the plants that have been hit by the UAW strikes.The companies say the strikes have forced them to impose those layoffs. They note that the job cuts have occurred mainly at factories that make parts for assembly plants that were closed by strikes.The UAW rejects that argument. It contends that the layoffs are unjustified and were imposed as part of the companies' pressure campaign to persuade UAW members to accept less in negotiations with automakers. The factories affected by layoffs are in six states: Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Kansas, Indiana and New York. Sam Fiorani, an analyst with AutoForecast Solutions, a consulting firm, said he thinks the layoffs reflect a simple reality: The automakers are losing money because of the strikes. By slowing or idling factories that are running below their capacities because of strike-related parts shortages, Fiorani said, the companies can mitigate further losses.“It doesn’t make sense to keep running at 30% or 40% of capacity when it normally runs at 100%,” he said. Striking workers are receiving $500 a week from the union’s strike pay fund. In some states, laid-off workers could qualify for state unemployment aid, which, depending on a variety of circumstances, could be less or more than $500 a week. Fiorani said that as the strikes widen, more workers will likely be laid off at non-striking plants. Separate companies that manufacture parts for the automakers are likely to have laid off workers but might not report them publicly, said Patrick Anderson, CEO of the Anderson Economic Group in Lansing, Michigan. A survey of parts supply companies by a trade association called MEMA Original Equipment Suppliers found that 30% of members have laid off workers and that more than 60% expect to start layoffs in mid-October.。这一幕，正是中国香水产业扬帆“出海”、崭露锋芒的生动缩影。　　近年来，中国香水“出海”热潮持续升温，产业增长势能不断释放。据海关总署统计数据，2026年上半年，中国香水及花露水出口额为25.02亿元，同比增长31.05%。中国香水，正逐渐登上全球舞台。　　眼下，中国香水已然实现了“被看见”的突破。不过，从收获国际展会的瞩目，到成为全球消费者的常态化选择，中国香水的全球化征程仍道阻且长。　　海外扬名　　回顾2025年，Melt Season、竹浮ZHUFU等20余个中国品牌首次集中亮相“巴黎—上海香水展”，展会现场氛围热烈，桂花、普洱、沉香等独具中式意境的香气，吸引了大量海外观众和时尚买手驻足体验。海外消费者对中国香水的认知，从惊讶于“中国也有自己的香水品牌吗”，到开始期待中国品牌差异化的原创内容和审美体验。　　从“质疑有无”到“主动期待”，海外消费者认知的转变，是中国香水原创实力与东方香韵文化价值持续释放的成果。　　中国香料香精化妆品工业协会(以下简称“中国香妆协会”)理事长颜江瑛向《证券日报》记者表示，中国香水“出海”热潮背后，是三股力量的交汇：“一是文化自觉正转化为产业自觉，品牌相信自己的嗅觉审美值得被世界感知；二是我国正从香水‘生产大国’向‘创新强国’跨越；三是桂花、茶、沉香等东方香调为全球消费者提供了一个全新的嗅觉维度。”　　依托差异化优势，国内头部香水品牌纷纷推进全球化布局，虽发展路径各异，但布局高端赛道、输出东方美学的核心方向高度统一。　　主打东方文化叙事的高端香氛品牌‌观夏，选择从亚洲市场开启全球化探索。观夏品牌方面向《证券日报》记者表示，亚洲城市之间存在共通的东方生活经验，便于检验本土品牌的跨文化表达与感知能力。　　主打“禅酷”风格的高浓度香水品牌闻献，自创立之初就对标国际行业标准布局发展。闻献品牌创始人孟昭然向《证券日报》记者表示，国际化拓展是品牌既定发展战略，从产品设计到内容传播，品牌均以国际化标准统筹规划，力求在东方精神内核与全球通用审美之间找到平衡。　　主打沙龙香水的Melt Season，对标国际一线品牌的售价与成本结构开展运营。Melt Season创始人倪丽诗表示：“我们通过精细化供应链管理，保障产品的品质与利润。我们还借鉴全球头部品牌的成熟运营经验，有效提升了品牌海外渠道拓展的核心竞争力。

B | ”　　正如孟昭然所言，十年前，中国香水品牌多以学习国际品牌的产品逻辑为主。

C | 如今，国产品牌更关注如何讲述属于中国的香气故事，从香材甄选、产品命名到视觉体系搭建，全面构建具备鲜明中国文化辨识度的品牌语言。

D | 　　不过，从“被看见”到“被选择”，东方香韵的全球化之路，仍是一场考验企业耐心与产业定力的长跑。　　气味图书馆相关负责人对《证券日报》记者表示，国际市场对中国香水的关注度正持续提升，但尚未形成规模化、稳定的海外消费市场。　　瓶颈凸显　　整体来看，产业链短板、文化差异、海外渠道桎梏、品牌运营思维局限等问题交织，仍制约着中国香水产业规模化“出海”进程。　　业内人士认为，中国香水“出海”面临的第一道门槛是产业链上游存在短板。

E | 目前，国内高端天然香料高度依赖进口，自主可控的优质香材供给体系尚未完善。

F | 同时，我国专业调香师培养体系尚不完善，高端创作人才缺口明显。原料与人才的双重短板，导致行业难以形成独立成熟的东方嗅觉审美体系。　　“国内香水产业瓶颈客观存在，但破局路径已逐步清晰。”颜江瑛对《证券日报》记者表示，中国拥有沉香、桂花、陈皮、茶等丰富的本土天然香材资源，这正是产业发展的根基所在。

G | 　　为补齐短板，上海应用技术大学、北京工商大学等高校持续向行业输送专业人才。中国香妆协会通过举办中国调香师大会，搭建产学研交流平台，不断完善行业人才培育体系与技术创新体系。　　文化差异是中国香水“出海”面临的第二道门槛。当前，多数国产香水的东方文化表达，仅停留在桂花、竹、茶香等表层符号堆砌上，缺乏深层次、差异化的文化内核解读，导致“东方美学”逐渐沦为同质化营销模板，难以塑造品牌专属的差异化记忆点与持久品牌竞争力。

H | 　　观夏品牌方面提到，国内丰富的香材资源与用香历史，尚未形成全球调香体系通用的专业语言，难以直接适配国际香氛产业。为此，观夏启动“东方香料归源计划”，深度参与本土香材全链条开发，推动景迈普洱、新会陈皮等特色原料纳入国际香氛专业体系，助力东方香韵建立标准化、国际化的专业表达体系。　　更为关键的是，中外嗅觉审美差异形成的“气味翻译断层”，进一步加大了中国香水“出海”的难度。　　在业界看来，欧美市场偏好浓烈、存在感突出的香调，而中式审美主打克制留白、余韵绵长的意境表达，二者的嗅觉审美逻辑差异显著。　　“不同地区消费者存在嗅觉偏好差异，但随着全球文化交流日益频繁，审美边界也在不断融合。真正具有文化价值的产品，具备跨越地域的能力。”孟昭然表示，“我们会以中国文化为创作内核，以国际化的调香语言完成专业表达。

I | ”　　毛戈平品牌相关负责人也对《证券日报》记者表示，品牌香水“出海”，核心是输出文化名片，“我们观察到国外消费者对香型的选择更多样化，更重视香气背后的独特表达、人文故事与精神共鸣，这正是中国香水走向世界的绝佳契机。”　　如果说文化差异是软性挑战，那么渠道与合规壁垒，则是中国香水规模化“出海”的硬性关卡。

J | 　　从线下销售渠道来看，欧莱雅、LVMH等国际巨头长期垄断欧美高端百货、精品香氛核心渠道资源，本土品牌难以获取优质线下展位资源。此外，海外小众买手店体量有限，无法支撑中国香水的规模化销售布局。东南亚、中东等潜力市场渠道分散，本土化配套体系建设周期长、成本高。　　线上销售渠道同样面临困境。

K | 跨境电商平台低价白牌产品泛滥，持续固化“中国香水=平价平替”的刻板印象，让本土高端自主品牌难以突破海外高端价格带，陷入高端市场突围难、低端市场“内卷”激烈的双向挤压困境。　　此外，行业长期固化的粗放式“卖货思维”，严重制约了品牌高端化升级与全球化发展。奢侈品研究机构要客研究院院长周婷对《证券日报》记者表示，国内香水行业长期陷入“重销量、轻品牌”的卖货思维误区，扎堆比拼产能、价格与包装复刻，鲜有品牌真正理解高端产品的底层运营逻辑。

L | 品牌若没有独有的气味表达、清晰的文化内核、一致的高端调性，很容易沦为国际大牌的廉价替代品。

M | 　　业内人士认为，行业破局方向已然明确，品牌唯有推进原料国产化、文化叙事精细化、“出海”渠道多元化、品牌运营高端化，才能确立在国际市场中的竞争优势。　　聚力突围　　当下，依托产业技术、品牌文化、行业标准三大支柱，中国香水产业的全球化破局路径愈发清晰。　　产品技术与品质，是香水品牌的核心竞争力。“没有技术支撑的文化叙事是无源之水。我国香水产业正处于从流量驱动转向科技驱动、从价格竞争迈向价值竞争的关键节点。”颜江瑛提到，品牌竞争的终极战场是消费者心智认知。东方香韵的品牌溢价能力与文化叙事深度直接挂钩。

N | 　　周婷认为，中国拥有完整的香水供应链与丰富的芳香植物原料储备，行业必须持续攻坚原料提取、专业调香等核心技术，把原料价值“炼”出来，夯实产品品质底座。　　文化创新是品牌突围的关键。孟昭然表示，长期以来，全球香水行业的话语体系主要由欧洲主导，但中国拥有几千年的用香历史，焚香、佩香、节气、草木、山川、人文，皆可成为创作资源。

o | “我们需要补足的是持续输出具有原创性的品牌文化内容。”　　气味图书馆相关负责人向《证券日报》记者表示：“值得被世界关注的，不只有复刻的古典东方，还有正在发生的中国生活。我们要让中国的生活经验与审美选择，平等融入全球香水语境。”　　The Trade Desk中国区资深业务拓展总监吴昱霖对《证券日报》记者表示：“中国香水品牌大多仍处于品牌建设的早期阶段。我们有优质的产品、完善的制造能力，但还缺少将这些优势讲出来、传播出去的能力。

p | 在场景与内容中与全球消费者建立信任感，对品牌全球化塑造至关重要。”　　此外，近年来，中国香妆协会主动对接国际行业组织，推动本土产业从被动适配国际规则，转向主动参与国际规则和行业标准的制定工作。颜江瑛表示，中国香水产业的全球化，不止是产品“出海”，更是话语权“出海”，行业需从国际规则的参与者升级为行业标准的共建者。　　在业内人士看来，中国香水在标准体系建设方面需多维发力：一是原料维度，要提高对本土香材资源的开发与可持续管理水平，推动原料提取技术与产业化能力升级；二是人才维度，完善调香师人才培育体系，推动调香技艺从经验传承走向科学化、体系化发展；三是可持续发展维度，加快行业绿色低碳标准的制定与推广，让中国香水在国际新赛道抢占先发优势。　　战略品牌专家、晶捷品牌咨询创始人陈晶晶对《证券日报》记者表示，中国香水“出海”还可积极借助本土经销商力量，融入当地生态、利用当地渠道开拓业务。　　已有多个品牌积极探索、形成分层递进的“出海”路径：第一阶段，通过社交媒体传播、参加国际展会等形式完成大众市场认知培育；第二阶段，入驻专业买手店、艺术文化空间等场景，搭建线下沉浸式体验渠道；第三阶段，积累稳定用户后，落地海外独立门店并搭建本地化运营团队，稳步推进全球化市场布局。　　综合来看，中国香水产业“出海”正处于从“量”到“质”、从“产品输出”到“文化输出”、从“规则跟随”到“标准引领”的关键转折期。想要实现从简单“走出去”到深度“走进去”的跨越，不仅考验企业的产品硬实力，也考验整个产业的耐心与定力。（记者 梁傲男）。

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