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一 |     该研究的共同作者、俄亥俄州立大学化学和生物化学教授David Nagib说："碳化物具有难以置信的能量。这一点的价值在于它们可以做你无法用其他方式做的化学实验。"Nagib实验室的成员擅长利用具有巨大化学能量的试剂，并为开发大量的新物质和工艺做出了贡献。    

    The Pentagon, headquarters for the United States Department of War, is seen on August 13, 2026 in Arlington, Virginia. Photo: VCG
The US Department of War has ordered 30 US universities to review their research, financial and academic ties with foreign entities of concern, including Chinese institutions and organizations linked to former Confucius Institutes, warning that failure to comply could jeopardize their eligibility for future federal research funding.
This move marks the latest step in US' efforts to tighten academic cooperation with China, extending Cold War-style thinking into scientific research. Curtailing academic exchanges would ultimately undermine US' own research and innovation capacity, creating a self-imposed bottleneck for technological development, said a Chinese expert. 
In a statement on Monday, the department said that it had formally notified the universities to conduct "immediate and comprehensive" audits of their foreign collaborations as part of a broader effort to tighten research security and prevent what it described as "unauthorized technology transfers, intellectual property theft and adversarial exploitation." 
The reviews will cover active ties with foreign institutions identified under Section 1286 of the FY2019 National Defense Authorization Act, as well as organizations associated with rebranded Confucius Institutes. The institutions must report their findings and any actions taken to the department by August 31.
This move marks another step in Washington's push to tighten its "research security" agenda and shield US academia from perceived "foreign influence," as the federal government increasingly intervenes in universities' research partnerships, Zhu Ying, a professor at the Baize Institute at the Southwest University of Political Science and Law, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
By stretching the concept of national security, constraining academic freedom and politicizing scientific cooperation, Washington is turning research ties into a tool of strategic competition with China, said Zhu.
On July 23, the Department of War released its FY2025 update to the Section 1286 list, identifying 130 academic and research institutions in China, Russia and Iran that it claimed engaged in "problematic activities" and pose risks to US-funded research. The department urged US researchers, universities and industry partners to exercise strict caution when collaborating with, sharing data with or providing funding to institutions on the list.
Of the academic and research institutions on the list, more than 80 are based in China.
Zhu noted that the list continues to expand, covering more institutions and academic fields. The policies are putting growing pressure on US universities, threatening some joint projects and constraining decisions on research teams, funding and international exchanges. Moreover, these measures reflect a clear anti-China bias and risks creating discriminatory barriers. 
The Pentagon's statement on Monday claimed that to maintain eligibility for future federal research funding, the notified universities must complete a comprehensive audit of all identified foreign collaborations, assess the exposure of sensitive or export-controlled research, and implement strict mitigation plans, including the termination of problematic partnerships. 
The Pentagon did not release the names of the 30 universities. However, a Fox News report on Monday cited a US official as identifying the schools subject to the audit, including Georgetown University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of California, Berkeley, the University of California, San Diego, the University of Texas at Austin, Emory University and Harvard University, among others.
Weng Dongdong, who is a professor in virtual reality technology at Beijing Institute of Technology, an institution included on the 1286 List, noted that his university's collaborative ties with US partners have been terminated on multiple occasions, and such partnerships have become extremely scarce ever since the Department of War added it to the list. Cutting academic exchanges under the guise of national security has dealt a blow to normal academic interactions.
A Florida based university professor told the Global Times that as China and the US compete across multiple fronts, Washington, facing growing pressure as China catches up, is increasingly responding with restrictions and pushback.
But Chinese students and scholars are a vital part of US' scientific research workforce. Backed by strong foundational training, they have made significant contributions in STEM fields. If the US imposes stringent restrictions on recruiting Chinese students for China-US research partnerships, its own research capacity could suffer considerable damage, said the professor.
Zhu also noted that the US' continued tightening of reviews of university-level research cooperation in recent years stems from growing self-doubt and mounting anxiety as China's technological catch-up has outpaced US expectations. 
The latest move extends Cold War-era thinking into scientific research and has already had a chilling effect on academic exchanges. In the long run, tying cooperation with China to broadly defined "China-related risks" will undermine US' own research openness and innovation capacity, pushing the country toward a self-imposed technological bottleneck, said Zhu.
If the trend continues, a "new Cold War" in scientific research could emerge among China, the US and other major technological powers. Such fragmentation would squander global resources and impede scientific progress, said the expert. 
。在这项研究中，研究人员用廉价的、地球上丰富的金属如铁、铜和钴创造了催化剂，并将它们结合起来，以促进他们驾驭碳烯的新方法。

二 | 他们成功地引导活性碳烯的力量，以更大的规模和比标准方法更快的速度制造出有价值的分子。Nagib将这一发展比作工程师发现如何使用钢铁而不是砖块和砂浆来建造摩天大楼的时刻。例如，化学家们一直难以创造的一个分子特征是环丙烷，这是一个由扭曲的化学键组成的小而紧的环状结构，在一些药物中特别有用。

三 | 最近，环丙烷被用作名为Paxlovid的口服抗病毒药的一种关键成分，该药片用于治疗COVID-19，通过阻止病毒的复制而不是直接杀死它来降低疾病的严重程度。制造这种药物所需的环丙烷一直难以大量制造，但Nagib说，他相信他的实验室的新方法可以应用于更快和更大规模地制造这种药物。他说："我们的新方法将使人们能够更好地获得数十种环丙烷，以纳入各种治疗疾病的药物中。"虽然该团队的研究确实在制药领域之外有潜在的应用，比如农用化学品，但Nagib说他最热衷的是他们的工具如何能加快发现新的、有针对性的药物。他说："从技术上讲，你可以将我们的方法应用于任何产品。但是在我们的实验室里，我们对获得新型的更有效的药物更感兴趣。"Nagib预测，使用他的团队开发的工艺，目前需要10或12个步骤才能制成的化学试剂（通过爆炸性的中间体）可以在4或5个步骤内完成，将其制造的时间减少了近75%，他希望这项研究能够帮助其他化学家完成他们的工作。Nagib说："世界上有很多伟大的科学家在做这种化学研究，使用我们的工具，他们可能会有一个更安全的实验室。我们所做的科学研究最令人满意的回报是当其他人使用我们的化学方法时，会使重要的分子变得更好。"了解更多：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo6443
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