编辑同志: 在国际市场能源价格飙升的背景下,欧美各国呼吁对能源企业征收暴利税。 "I believe the New York Times report is correct in every detail," says Philip Giraldi, a former CIA station chief and military intelligence officer. "It is what I have been hearing. There is considerable training at the Grafenwoehr, Germany army base to familiarize the Ukrainians with the new weapons arriving. Meanwhile there are cadres of special operations soldiers and intelligence personnel operating primarily in western Ukraine. They are not in uniform and many of them are working under various cover designations, including sometimes loose affiliations with foreign embassies and NGOs. All of which means that Biden and other Western leaders are lying about their active participation in the conflict.",Ahead of the Russian special operation to demilitarize and de-Nazify Ukraine, the US withdrew its own 150 military instructors. However, some CIA operatives continued their service in the country secretly, directing most of the intelligence flow the US is sharing with Ukrainian forces, according to the NYT. In addition to that, commandos from Washington's NATO allies have been managing the flow of weapons and equipment in Ukraine and providing training. The NYT specifies, citing American and other Western officials that the commandos are not on the front lines with Ukrainian troops.,Even though the US and NATO member states do not acknowledge that their personnel are operating in Ukraine, Russia and other intelligence services around the world are aware of this, according to the newspaper.,"The potential downside for the president comes when some of these soldiers in mufti get killed or, worse, captured and start to talk about their role," says Giraldi. "The Biden Administration has staked its reputation and possible political future on enabling Ukraine to survive without succumbing to Russian demands.",Deploying CIA personnel (which encompasses military as well as intelligence operatives) "is completely typical of the initial stages of a US-backed long war, and for long-term political manipulation of the target country," according to retired US Air Force Lt. Col. Karen Kwiatkowski, a former analyst for the US Department of Defense.,"This is the future that neoconservative 'strategists' in DC and their British and European allies imagine for Ukraine," Kwiatkowski highlights. "Rather than a negotiated conclusion, with a new Ukrainian role as a neutral and productive country, independent of both Russian and US political influences, the US government and CIA see Ukraine as an expendable yet useful satrap in its competition with the Russian Federation.",The ex-DoD analyst emphasizes that the effort is serious, given that the funding for CIA operations and arms sales and support and training has been flowing freely from Congress and President Biden. It also means that the intel operations in and around Ukraine are "of critical importance" to Washington, according to her.,Situation in UkraineNATO is De Facto at War With Russia but is Using Ukraine as a Tool, US Scholar Says5 April, 17:37 GMT,Ukraine is Washington's Proxy in Effort to Destroy Russia,"Ukraine was being used long before 2021 and 2022, as a US proxy, for global money laundering by multiple players, and for CIA political operations," explains Kwiatkowski. "The US diplomats and the CIA view Ukraine and its various people as pawns on a chessboard they can manage. Given that the US people are not willing to engage in a ground or air war with Russia over Ukraine, those pawns might need to be preserved for the next stage.",Washington's current interest in Ukraine dates back to at least the George W. Bush era, and probably much earlier, with the US foreign policy establishment making steady efforts to drive a wedge between Russia and its neighbor, according to the military veteran. Washington has made considerable financial, diplomatic and political investment in Ukraine over the recent decades and it cannot afford "losing" it.,"Coming on the heels of similar 'losses' in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, and potentially some of the Gulf states, there are those in Washington who would find the complete loss of Ukraine unacceptable," she stresses.,The US is equally involved in former Soviet and Warsaw Pact countries, such as Lithuania, and Poland, to take the post-Soviet space under control "as part of the war to maintain US influence and contain Russian influence," according to the former Pentagon analyst. "Recent Lithuanian steps to enforce EU sanctions on the Russian Baltic Sea trade port and naval city of Kaliningrad speaks to the nature of what is to come, in the eyes of the US strategists," she points out.,"Ukraine is a proxy; the West is trying to destroy Russia, it's that simple," echoes Larry Johnson, a veteran of the CIA and the State Department’s Office of Counter Terrorism, which provided training to the US Military’s Special Operations taskforce for 24 years. "It would be one thing if Russia was the most evil, oppressive, authoritarian regime in the world. It's nowhere even close. Even though the West keeps trying to portray Russia as such. The fact of the matter is, the West wants the resources that Russia has and it wants to control Russia. Russia is not about to be controlled.",Situation in UkraineEx-CIA Analyst: US Military Aid Not a Game Changer for Kiev, Ukraine Has Already Lost6 June, 16:31 GMT,US Trying to Find the Way Out of Ukraine's Mess,Despite CIA and NATO personnel being deployed in Ukraine and NATO weapons constantly flowing to the country, Ukrainian troops have been increasingly outgunned by DPR/LPR military groups backed by Russia, acknowledges the NYT.,The newspaper names a number of reasons behind the Ukrainian Armed Forces' failures, including limited time for training to use sophisticated NATO weapons; huge losses among the "most battle-hardened" and well-trained Ukrainian forces; and certain limits to the expertise of the CIA, which is traditionally focused on counter-intelligence, among other matters.,"This is the fault of Hollywood," says Johnson. "There's always the assumption that all these CIA personnel are really some terrific people. They've got magical training capabilities. They don't. The CIA hasn't won a single insurgent war in the last 40 years, except going back to supporting the mujahedeen against the Soviets in Afghanistan. They're hoping to try to recreate that miracle. But again, the problem is the people who are assigned militarily to this kind of CIA activity are either retired, special forces, special operations personnel who had to get out because they were either physically unable to perform according to military standards, or it's people who've always wanted to do that kind of thing but really have had no special training in it.",Situation in UkraineUS Military Expert: Russia to Score Major Victories in Donbass, Must Adapt to New NATO Game22 May, 17:55 GMT,The former CIA analyst raises the question about the timing of the NYT exposure. He notes that it has never been a secret that in every foreign conflict the US was interested in, the US has routinely provided training and assistance, and dispatched the CIA's Special Activities Division to operate on the ground. Why is NYT openly writing about it now?,"I think the answer lies in the very last paragraph, last sentence of the article, where it is said: 'Would the enhancement of training be worth the possible price that is going to have to be paid?' The answer is 'probably not.' In other words, this is a gesture to show 'yeah, look, we're doing everything we can do to help the Ukrainians, we've provided we've provided special forces, special operations forces, we've brought them into other countries, we're sending our own people there, the CIA and their passive intelligence, so they can target Russian positions.' But when all is said and done, doing more is not going to really help.",According to Johnson, the NYT piece is "really sending a signal that the United States is trying to figure out how to disengage from this mess.","I think the purpose of this article coming out now is just to lay the groundwork for why we can't put or shouldn't put any more US military personnel or even CIA personnel inside Ukraine," the CIA veteran emphasizes. "Because continuing to put US personnel, whether they're CIA or military, inside Ukraine to train, is becoming too risky because of Russia's success on the battlefield."。
二 | 请问何为暴利税?
山西读者白宇 暴利税是指对特定公司或产业突然获得的暴利采用更高的税率征税。暴利税在英语中为Windfall Tax,Windfall是指被风吹落的果子,引申指意外之财,Tax指税收。

三 | 对意外之财征税,就是暴利税了。地缘政治造成油价飙升,进而对能源企业征暴利税,这样的情况此前在美国就出现过。上世纪七八十年代,受石油输出国组织实施石油禁运和伊朗伊斯兰革命等因素影响,国际油价大幅走高。在此背景下,美国于1980年颁布了《原油暴利税法》,对油企生产的原油征税,税率在30%到70%不等。不过到上世纪80年代末,随着国际市场油价回落,美国里根政府就取消了这一针对油企的暴利税。此后,每当国际市场油价飙升,美国就有政客提出对油企征暴利税,但均未付诸实践。今年5月,英国时任首相约翰逊政府宣布向能源企业征收暴利税,税率为25%。事实上,英国政府此前也征收过暴利税,而且对象不限于能源企业。1981年,撒切尔政府曾对银行征收过暴利税;1997年,工党政府对私有化的公用事业公司征收过暴利税。通常认为,政府征收暴利税有利于调节收入分配,特别是当今西方社会,通胀飙升、人民生活负担加剧,将从能源产业征收的税款用于补贴公私用度,有相当高的民意基础。

四 | 但也有经济学家指出,征收暴利税会影响企业投资信心,不利于产业长远发展。也有批评人士认为征收暴利税是一种武断行为:既然意外盈利会被额外征税,那么亏损时能否要求政府补贴呢?(汪品植)